Integrating Electric Vehicles into Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review of Learning Pathways, Campus Living Laboratory, and Sustainable Energy Literacy

Abstract

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into higher education represents an emerging research area connecting mobility transition, energy systems, sustainability-oriented learning, and sustainable energy literacy. This systematic literature review examines how EV integration can support sustainable energy literacy through learning pathways, campus living laboratory approaches, and technology-based educational activities. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this review analyzed 51 Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 2020 and 2026 using descriptive mapping, bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer, thematic synthesis, and evidence classification. The findings reveal that EV integration research in higher education has expanded across diverse geographical regions, although the evidence base remains fragmented. Bibliometric analysis identifies three interconnected research domains, including educational applications, sustainable energy systems, and EV operational technologies. However, research attention remains concentrated on technical-operational aspects, particularly charging infrastructure, vehicle-to-grid systems, energy management, and data analytics, while educational evaluation remains comparatively limited. The synthesis demonstrates that EV integration can support sustainable energy literacy through three dimensions, namely knowledge, attitude, and practical experience. EV-related curricula, projects, laboratories, campus mobility services, and operational data provide pathways for developing students’ knowledge, sustainability attitudes, and practical experience. Nevertheless, a persistent gap remains between technological integration and educational assessment. Future research should strengthen multidimensional assessment approaches, longitudinal evaluations, integration of campus operational data into learning, and comparative studies across institutional settings.