TRANSITION FROM TRADITIONAL LESSON TO CONSTRUCTIVE LESSON, IE. TRANSITION FROM TEACHING TO LEARNING

Abstract

At the beginning of the 21st century, educational system in Azerbaijan was reconstructed and modernized. The usage of innovative teaching technologies, ICT and pedagogical technologies, the application of active, project, problem and constructive teaching are considered one of the essential issues. New pedagogical studies should be carried out in order to solve these problems and to find out their being effective. In the traditional way of teaching which was applied for centuries, the teacher was required to transfer knowledge and the students were required to remember and apply their knowledge properly.The traditional way of teaching was based on pragmatism -  one of  trends of the education philosophy ie. the teacher was in the center of the teaching process,  the pupils were acquiring  knowledge passively, teacher-student relations were like subject-object.  Therefore, it is right to abandon traditional way of teaching completely because it is a teaching theory and in this teaching process which is based on theory mental skills of cognition  such as knowledge, comprehension, and application are improved. If we want to train a high-thinking personality according to the requirements of  the technological community, we must build up the training process on the principles teaching theory together with the principles of learning theory.Together with memory, application, comprehension, we must improve the highest level of thinking: That is, we have to put into practice the analysis, creation and evaluation mechanisms which are considered the highest levels of cognition. When we attach much importance to the mental acttivities such as analysis, creation, and evaluation in addition to the knowledge at the lesson, the traditional lesson is transformed into an innovative – constructive lesson