Exploration of Electromagnetic Waves with Investigative and Inquiry-Based Activities

Abstract

Electromagnetic waves have been mathematically described by James Clerk Maxwell for the first time after many years of scientists’ struggle to understand the world and the universe. Considering widespread use of technological devices emitting electromagnetic waves, their possible environmental and health effects, their role in rapidly advancing energy sector; electromagnetic waves have been a matter of curiosity amongst people. The reason of this curiosity is that electromagnetic waves do not fall directly into human observation range. The purpose of this study was using investigative and inquiry-based activities to make unobservable electromagnetic waves sensible and visible. In this context, 10 sequential demonstration activities were implemented to 46 teacher candidates continuing their education in third grade of science teacher education department. They were asked to note their predictions, observations and inferences down on the worksheets. Participants were surprised when a radio placed into a trashcan stopped playing music or a phone covered with aluminum foil did not receive calls since their observations contradicted with their common experiences. Bachelard defined this phenomenon as ‘’scientific discontinuity’’. Even after weeks, participants tried to come up with explanations regarding their observations since their sense of curiosity was aroused and they had an irresistible desire for exploration. Classroom discussions were video recorded for detailed analysis. As intended; with the sequential activities, exploration of electromagnetic waves occurred at the end. In addition, with the light of inquiry, participants started thinking scientifically considering science as a part of their lives and a solution of problems. According to the results, it was determined that participants generally confused electromagnetic waves with sound waves, signal, power of attraction, frequency concepts. Recognition of some variables, comparisons between radio and microwaves by participants were observed. Interpretation of the data showed that participants generally had misconceptions and lack of knowledge regarding electromagnetic waves.