Bayesian Network Approach in Education: A Bibliometric Review Using R-Tool and Future Research Directions

Abstract

The development and multiple variations in technology and science have endured the education. Nevertheless, education is one of the primary components that uphold the development of a country. In the meantime, diverse technologies have been introduced to blend in education. For example, Bayesian Networks is a probability-based data modelling approach that illustrates a set of variables and their conditional dependencies through a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). Each node formed inside the graph has a Conditional Probability Table (CPT). Therefore, the endurance of this bibliometric review is to identify peer-reviewed literature on the Bayesian network approach in education. Scopus citation databases are used in the data-gathering phase. In addition, PICOS Framework and PRISMA approach were obtained and analysed for keyword search on the research topic. This bibliographic data of articles published in the journals over ten years were extracted. R-tool and VOS viewer were used to analyse the data contained in all journals and articles. This bibliometric review shows the usage of the Bayesian network approach in education, especially in educational application development. The findings from 87 articles extracted show that teaching and learning activity delivery and educational management have improved. The findings show an increasing trend in published studies related to the Bayesian network in education. Next, the United Kingdom and the United States became highly productive countries in the publication of studies within the scope of the Bayesian network. Next, interdisciplinary became the primary choice in the publication of studies in the field of Bayesian networks. The level of predictive accuracy generated through the Bayesian network approach improves the quality of educational application development. However, the findings of previous studies indicate that there is a need to extend the Bayesian network approach in education.